Gurmukhi Grammar: Vowels, Matras, and Silent Markers To understand Gurbani (the language of Sikh scriptures), one must look beyond modern Punjabi. While the script is the same, the grammar utilizes a sophisticated system of "Laghu" (Short) and "Deergh" (Long) vowels that dictate both meaning and pronunciation. 1. The 10 Laga Matras In Gurmukhi, there are 10 vowel symbols. Unlike Hindi, where they are often just called "matras," in Gurmukhi they have specific names: Name Symbol Sound Type Pronunciation Mukta (None) Laghu Short 'a' Kanna ਾ Deergh Long 'aa' Sihari ਿ Laghu Short 'i' (it) Bihari ੀ Deergh Long 'ee' (feet) Aunkar ੁ Laghu Short 'u' (put) Dulaunkar ੂ Deergh Long 'oo' (moon) Lavan ੇ Deergh Long 'e' (play) Dulav...
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